Understanding the Economic Impact of Tariffs on Stock Markets
This article explores the misconceptions surrounding tariffs and their alleged connection to stock market performance. It clarifies who bears the financial burden of tariffs and how they function in the economy.
The Claim: Tariffs and Stock Market Gains
The assertion that tariffs drive stock market gains suggests that higher tariffs strengthen the economy and elevate equity prices.
The Evidence Problem
No credible data supports this claim.
- Stock market gains correlate with earnings growth, interest rate expectations, liquidity, and investor sentiment.
- Academic studies and market history show that tariffs add friction to trade and raise costs.
- Major market rallies in recent decades have aligned with tax policy, monetary easing, or technology growth, rather than new trade barriers.
Market reactions to tariff announcements often demonstrate the opposite effect, leading to:
- Increased volatility.
- Sell-offs in trade-exposed sectors.
- Downward revisions to earnings estimates.
How Tariffs Work
A tariff acts as a tax on imported goods:
- The importing company pays the tariff at the port of entry.
- The exporting country does not pay the tariff.
- The cost flows through the supply chain.
Who Pays the Cost
The financial burden of tariffs falls on domestic participants:
- Importing firms either absorb higher costs or pass them on to consumers.
- Higher prices reduce purchasing power.
- Lower margins pressure corporate profits.
Empirical data from previous tariff periods indicate higher input costs and consumer prices in the importing country.
Economic Impact of Tariffs
Tariffs distort markets in several ways:
- They reduce trade efficiency.
- They encourage retaliation from trading partners.
- They slow global growth.
Public companies exposed to global supply chains face margin pressure, and investors quickly price this risk into the market.
Why the Narrative Persists
The narrative surrounding tariffs appeals to intuition:
- Framing tariffs as payments from foreign countries sounds appealing.
- Short-term market moves are often misattributed to policy headlines.
- Broader market drivers are frequently overlooked.
This framing avoids the less appealing truth about domestic costs.
Bottom Line: Tariffs do not fund the economy through foreign payments; domestic firms bear the cost. Evidence does not link tariffs to sustained stock market gains. Markets rise based on growth, productivity, and earnings, while trade taxes undermine these forces.
Chapwood Investments, LLC, is a partner of Ethos Financial Group, LLC, a Securities and Exchange Commission-registered investment advisor. No mention, opinion, or omission of a particular security, index, derivative, or other instrument in this article constitutes an opinion on the suitability of any security. The information and data presented here were obtained from sources deemed reliable, but their accuracy and completeness are not guaranteed. At any given time, principals at Chapwood Investments, LLC may or may not have a financial interest in any or all of the securities or instruments discussed in this article. Guest contributors do not receive compensation and do not provide endorsements or testimonials. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
